Definition

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) helps relieve menopause symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, low libido, mood changes, and bladder issues. It can also protect against bone loss (osteoporosis) and may lower the risk of bowel cancer.

HRT can be started during perimenopause, menopause, or after surgical menopause. It works by replacing the hormones your body stops producing, restoring balance and easing both physical and emotional symptoms.

Menopause usually occurs in the mid-50s but can start earlier. While some women have mild symptoms, others may benefit from HRT to improve quality of life.

How it works

HRT mainly replaces oestrogen. Some types also include progesterone (or progestogen) to protect the womb lining.

• Oestrogen supports key female body functions. Its decline leads to menopause symptoms and bone loss.
• Progesterone reduces the risk of endometrial (womb) cancer.

Duration & safety

Most women take HRT for 2–5 years. It’s best to reduce the dose gradually when stopping. Some may continue longer under medical advice. Short-term use (up to 10 years) is generally safe with regular doctor checkups. Long-term use may slightly increase risks such as breast or ovarian cancer or blood clots, particularly for those with relevant medical histories.

Pregnancy and HRT

HRT is not a contraceptive. Women under 50 should continue using birth control for 2 years after their last period.

1. Women without a womb usually take oestrogen-only HRT.
2. Women with a womb may need combined HRT (oestrogen + progesterone).

Weight Gain

HRT does not directly cause weight gain; any increase is usually due to natural menopause changes. A healthy diet and regular exercise help maintain weight.

Menopause Symptoms

1. Irregular periods
2. Hot flushes and night sweats
3. Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
4. Low libido
5. Mood swings and anxiety
6. Joint pain and palpitations
7. Urinary issues (UTIs)
8. Bone loss (osteoporosis)

Treatment Benefits

HRT helps maintain oestrogen levels, reducing bone density loss and fracture risk.HRT can relieve hot flushes, night sweats, headaches, vaginal dryness, and mood swings.

HRT Forms

1. Tablets (oral or vaginal): Elleste, Premarin, Zumenon
2. Patches: Evorel, Evorel Conti
3. Creams (vaginal): Estriol Cream
4. Implants: Subcutaneous, long-acting oestrogen release
5. Local options for vaginal dryness: creams, rings, pessaries

Who Should Avoid HRT
HRT is not suitable for women who are:

1. Pregnant
2. At risk of or with a history of breast, ovarian, or womb cancer
3. At risk of or with a history of blood clots, stroke, or heart disease
4. Have untreated high blood pressure
5. Have liver disease or poor liver function

Lifestyle Tips to Ease Symptoms

1. Wear light clothing and keep cool
2. Avoid spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol
3. Use fans and cooling drinks
4. Exercise, try yoga or CBT
5. Use lubricants and moisturisers for vaginal dryness
6. Maintain a healthy diet and take bone health supplements

At SW PHARMA, HRT is available for patients currently on HRT, after an online consultation with a doctor.