A cough is a natural reflex that helps clear the throat and airways of irritants, mucus, or foreign particles. It can be caused by infections, allergies, respiratory conditions, or environmental irritants. While most coughs are temporary and mild, persistent or severe coughing may indicate an underlying health issue requiring medical attention. Effective treatment depends on the cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or managing related conditions.
Cough
A cough is a common reflex that helps clear your airways of mucus, irritants or foreign particles. It’s one of the most frequent reasons people seek medical advice. While most coughs are short-lived and linked to minor infections, some can last longer and affect sleep, work and overall comfort. The good news is that most types of cough can be effectively managed with the right treatment. You can get started today by completing a quick online consultation with our doctor.
What is a cough?
A cough is your body’s natural way of clearing the throat and airways. It helps remove mucus, dust, smoke or germs from your lungs and throat. Coughs can be short-term (acute) or long-lasting (chronic), depending on the cause.
What causes a cough?
- A cough can be caused by both physical and environmental factors, or a mix of the two.
- Common causes include colds, flu, and chest infections.
- Allergies, asthma, or hay fever.
- Smoking or exposure to smoke and pollution.
- Acid reflux (heartburn).
- Post-nasal drip from sinus or nasal problems.
- A cough that lasts longer than a few weeks may be linked to an underlying condition and should be checked by a doctor.
How does a cough work?
A cough is a protective response. When your airways become irritated or blocked with mucus, nerves send signals to your brain. This triggers a forceful release of air from your lungs, helping to clear the irritant and protect your breathing passages.
How is a cough diagnosed?
- A cough is usually diagnosed based on your symptoms and medical history. Your doctor may ask:
- How long you have had the cough
- Whether it is dry or produces mucus
- If you have fever, chest pain, or shortness of breath
- If the cough is persistent or severe, further tests may be needed to rule out infections or other health conditions.
What treatments are available for a cough?
- Treatment depends on the type and cause of the cough. Options may include:
- Cough suppressants for dry coughs
- Medicines to loosen and clear mucus for chesty coughs
- Treatments for allergies or asthma
- Antibiotics (only if a bacterial infection is confirmed)
- These treatments can help relieve symptoms and improve comfort.
Lifestyle and self-care options
- Simple lifestyle changes can help manage cough symptoms, including:
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Resting to support recovery
- Avoiding smoking and second-hand smoke
- Using a humidifier to keep airways moist
- Avoiding known triggers such as dust or strong smells
Are there side effects?
Cough medicines may cause mild side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or stomach upset. If one treatment does not suit you, alternative options may be available.
Why is it important to treat a cough?
Treating a cough can improve sleep, reduce discomfort, and help you return to normal daily activities. It can also help prevent complications and identify any underlying health issues that may need attention.
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